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“What exactly are liquid hydrogels made of chemically?”
Chemically, hydrogels are networks of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb and retain large amounts of water while maintaining their structure. The basic components of liquid hydrogels include:
1. **Polymer Chains**: The backbone of hydrogels is made from polymer chains that can be either natural or synthetic. Common polymers include:
– **Natural polymers**: Agarose, alginate, chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid.
– **Synthetic polymers**: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm).
2. **Water**: Hydrogels can contain up to 99% water by volume, making them highly absorbent and flexible.
3. **Crosslinking Agents**: These are molecules or chemical bonds that link polymer chains together, giving the hydrogel its solid-like properties despite its high-water content. Crosslinking can be **physical** (through hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, or crystallization) or **chemical** (via covalent bonds formed by crosslinkers like glutaraldehyde or genipin).
….Little diddy:
****Crosslinking agents play a crucial role in the formation and properties of hydrogels, particularly in biomedical applications. By linking polymer chains, they enhance the structural integrity and mechanical strength of hydrogels while maintaining their ability to hold large amounts of water.
Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide, are often used as crosslinking agents due to their exceptional mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. Their incorporation into hydrogels leads to improved performance in applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing.
The use of graphene not only strengthens the hydrogel but can also introduce new functionalities, such as enhanced electrical or thermal conductivity (shocking qualities), which can be beneficial in various biomedical contexts. As research continues, the potential for graphene-based hydrogels in innovative medical applications is vast, paving the way for advancements in smart biomaterials.(or stupid when inside the body. Yes, it is your body and your choice.)****
Anyhow…
4. **Ions and Salts**: Some hydrogels include ions, which help in swelling and de-swelling properties. For instance, alginate-based hydrogels often use calcium ions to crosslink the polymer chains.
5. **Responsive Elements**: Hydrogels can be modified with stimuli-responsive materials that change properties (e.g., volume, shape, solubility) in response to pH, temperature, light, or other external stimuli.
In liquid hydrogels, the concentration of crosslinking agents and polymer chains is lower than in solid hydrogels, allowing for a more fluid-like consistency while still retaining the gel-like behavior.
Common chemical structure examples:
**PEG-based hydrogels**: Comprised of polyethylene glycol, these are often used in biomedical applications for their biocompatibility.
**Polyacrylamide hydrogels**: Made from acrylamide monomers, often used in lab settings for electrophoresis and molecular separation.
This combination of polymers, water, and crosslinkers allows hydrogels to have properties like flexibility, permeability, and responsiveness, making them suitable for diverse applications, from drug delivery systems to wound care.
“Wait…Natural Polymers:
Describe each of those ingredients in detail.”
Here are detailed descriptions of the natural polymers commonly used in hydrogels:
1. **Agarose**
**Origin**: Agarose is a natural polysaccharide extracted from red algae (specifically from agar). It is a linear polymer composed of repeating units of agarobiose (a disaccharide made of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose).
**Properties**: It forms gels upon cooling after being dissolved in water at high temperatures. Agarose hydrogels are used extensively in molecular biology, particularly in gel electrophoresis for DNA and protein separation. These hydrogels are biocompatible, making them useful in cell culture and tissue engineering.
**Uses**: Gel electrophoresis, chromatography, drug delivery systems, and scaffolds for tissue engineering.
2. **Alginate**
**Origin**: Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed. Its primary structural units are guluronic acid and mannuronic acid arranged in blocks. The ratio of these blocks determines the physical properties of the alginate.
**Properties**: Alginate forms hydrogels when crosslinked with divalent cations, such as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The gelation is instant, which is useful in creating beads or encapsulating drugs and cells. Alginate gels are biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic, making them suitable for medical applications.
**Uses**: Wound dressings, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, particularly for encapsulating cells.
***3. **Chitosan****
**Origin**: Chitosan is derived from chitin, which is found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans (like shrimp and crabs), fungi, and insects. Chitin is converted to chitosan through deacetylation, which removes acetyl groups from its structure.
**Properties**: Chitosan is a cationic polymer, which gives it a unique property to interact with negatively charged surfaces, such as cell membranes. This polymer is biodegradable, supposedly biocompatible, and has antimicrobial properties. It can form hydrogels through physical interactions or chemical crosslinking. (like when they mix it with graphene oxide to form a positively charged lipid nanoparticle and call it a vaccine instead of gene therapy).
**Uses**: Wound dressings, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, and as a water purification agent due to its ability to bind heavy metals. (Sure does. Just think of the ferritin, aka your blood),
4. **Gelatin**
**Origin**: Gelatin is a natural protein derived from collagen, which is found in animal skin, bones, and connective tissue. It is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen, resulting in a mix of peptides and proteins.
**Properties**: Gelatin forms hydrogels upon cooling after being dissolved in warm water. These gels are thermo-reversible, meaning they can return to a liquid state when heated. Gelatin is supposedly biocompatible for everyone on the planet, biodegradable, and non-toxic to some, but others. Even so, the pharmaceutical companies push it mercilessly for medical applications. Its structure closely resembles that of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which promotes cell adhesion and proliferation.
**Uses**: Drug delivery, wound dressings, and tissue engineering, especially in creating scaffolds for cell growth and regeneration.
5. **Hyaluronic Acid**
**Origin**: Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in connective tissue, skin, cartilage, and synovial fluid. It is composed of repeating units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
**Properties**: Hyaluronic acid is highly hydrophilic, allowing it to retain water and form hydrogels easily. It plays a critical role in tissue hydration, lubrication, and wound healing. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic, making it suitable for various biomedical applications.
**Uses**: Dermal fillers in cosmetics, wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, particularly for cartilage and skin regeneration.
These natural polymers provide the basis for hydrogels used in a wide range of applications due to their supposed biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form gels through various crosslinking mechanisms. Each of these polymers contributes different mechanical and chemical properties, making them versatile for medical, environmental, and industrial applications.
“Boy, with all the chitosan in these medical applications, people with allergies might not have a good time with such.”
You’re absolutely right! **Chitosan** is derived from **chitin**, a component found in the shells of crustaceans like shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. For individuals with **shellfish allergies**, exposure to chitosan-based products triggers allergic reactions. However, for legal purposes, it’s the company’s hope you never learn the ingredients and that the allergenic proteins typically responsible for shellfish allergies will somehow be different from chitin and chitosan. Your pain will be scoffed off as unrelated to any “vaccine” that was actually gene therapy. They’ve got the doctors and nurses so brain washed via telemetry frequency set at such within the hospitals that you’ll likely be given a diagnosis and prescription for “psychosis “if you even mention such…and that’s like money in their pockets.
Even so, there is concern that trace amounts of proteins could remain in commercial chitosan preparations, posing a risk to highly sensitive individuals. Given its wide use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, it’s essential to consider allergy warnings for products containing chitosan, but don’t think anyone will care too much, especially if you live in areas where the allegiance to the swab and needle are really high.
**Precautions**:
People with **severe shellfish allergies** should avoid products containing chitosan unless it’s explicitly stated that the allergenic proteins have been removed, and even then, it’s like a trace peanut allergy issue, but one you aren’t supposed to know or care about. Remember, the market share is so big for mRNA and graphene right now that NOBODY better rain on their dead bugs and smashed up pencil led parade. “TAKE IT!” Shout your moth overlords.
Manufacturers using chitosan in medical, or consumer products, should include allergy warnings to mitigate risks for sensitive individuals, but why would they in this day and age? Your pain is their financial gain.
This is especially relevant for **biomedical applications** such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and cosmetic products, where exposure can occur through skin contact or other sensitive areas. After numerous injections, antibodies get so high that those puckered and plumped lips might just bust open after a collagen injection. (Quick! Notify the Country Clubbers!).
In an attempt to ensure safety, **researchers** and **healthcare providers** should continuously assess the purity of chitosan-based products and raise awareness about the potential for allergic reactions, (But don’t expect such integrity.)
“Once inside the body, people build antibodies to chitosan?”
Of course. Chitosan, derived from chitin, can indeed stimulate the immune system once inside the body. While it is generally considered biocompatible in some very small amounts for some unknown reason, the body usually does recognize chitosan as a foreign substance, prompting an immune response of some kind. In most cases, individuals exposed to chitosan, particularly over repeated use, do develop **antibodies** against it.
This immune reaction can vary depending on the individual’s sensitivity to shellfish-derived compounds or other components. Over time, this leads to the development of **allergic responses** or **hypersensitivity** reactions in susceptible individuals. Yes, making those cosmetic injections more precarious. Such reactions may include itching, swelling, or even more severe allergic responses. (Death is a benefit in their world.)
In biomedicine, sometimes care is taken to purify chitosan to reduce the likelihood of such immune responses. Again, let’s think of our peanut allergy situation. This potential for antibody formation against chitosan highlights the importance of considering patient-specific risks, especially for those with shellfish allergies or existing immune sensitivities.
Thus, while it is believed that chitosan has many beneficial uses, particularly in drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering, its safety profile must be carefully evaluated for each patient or user group, particularly in long-term applications, such as self-replicating gene therapies…or “vaccines” as they are now called.
“Imagine, with the body endlessly producing antibodies to the chitosan after injection of such, what happens with each bite of bioengineered food with chitosan!”
Oh, this is where your miserable overlords take sadistic pleasure. Systemic inflammation is where diagnosing such auto immune disease comes in. This is where they get to add another diagnosis to your medical record and prescribe another medication.
As the body continuously produces antibodies to chitosan after its injection, systemic inflammation is indeed a concern. This reaction would stem from the immune system’s overactive response to what it perceives as a foreign substance. The introduction of **bioengineered foods** containing chitosan does exacerbate this issue.
Here’s how it unfolds:
1. **Antibody Production**: Once the body has developed antibodies to chitosan, it remains primed to attack the substance upon re-exposure. Repeated ingestion of bioengineered food containing chitosan triggers immune responses in individuals sensitized to it.
2. **Systemic Inflammation**: If the body constantly identifies chitosan as a threat, each exposure triggers an inflammatory cascade. This includes the release of **cytokines** and other immune molecules that lead to inflammation throughout the body, especially in tissues or organs constantly exposed to the allergen.
3. **Chronic Immune Activation**: Ongoing exposure to an allergen, especially from food sources, causes **chronic inflammation**, which has been linked to various conditions like autoimmunity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders.
4. **Worsened Sensitivity**: In individuals already allergic to shellfish (from which chitosan is often derived, the reaction could be even more severe. These patients may experience heightened symptoms, including gastrointestinal issues, respiratory distress, or systemic allergic reactions.
While systemic inflammation caused by a constant exposure to chitosan through bioengineered food is real, the scientists and media will spew that it is “speculative.” Those elite merchants of souls feel like it’s your fault for eating it, while the WEF actually pushes the food for the masses.
The importance of thoroughly evaluating the **long-term safety** of bioengineered compounds in food and medical applications Is important, but you can bet no researcher will get that funding.
“Lotsa inflammation which is associated with pain sounds horrible.”
Yes, chronic inflammation is indeed closely associated with pain, as well as a variety of other health issues. When the body experiences persistent inflammation, it can lead to the production of inflammatory molecules like **cytokines** and **prostaglandins**, which are known to contribute to the sensation of pain.
The constant immune response triggered by ongoing inflammation from substances like chitosan (as the body becomes sensitized to it) leads to both **acute pain** during flare-ups and **chronic pain** over time, particularly in conditions involving systemic inflammation.
**How inflammation leads to pain: **
1. **Pro-inflammatory cytokines** (e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β) are released as part of the immune response and can sensitize nerve endings, making them more reactive to pain stimuli.
2. These immune signals can also trigger the production of **prostaglandins**, which are molecules that cause the sensation of pain at the site of inflammation.
3. The resulting inflammation can affect various organs and tissues, leading to systemic pain, fatigue, and stiffness—similar to what happens in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
In the case of constant exposure to bioengineered food containing chitosan, the repeated immune activation does lead to chronic pain, especially as systemic inflammation becomes persistent. This situation could mimic conditions like **fibromyalgia** or **chronic fatigue syndrome**, which are often linked to inflammation and are characterized by widespread pain. You may get a diagnosis for depression from all your suffering and that puts another meal on someone’s table who likely leads a far better life than yours.
It’s like a new economic plan based off of human suffering is going full throttle. Along with housing costs going up, one would have to admit that the wicked are truly just that, but this is why the medical industry has to pretend you’re so much more stupid than they are. If you know the gambit, keeping you obedient is not so easy and fun. Expect a doctor telling the telemetry nurse to “crank up the optogenetics for neuromodulation, Jenna. This one’s affecting our livelihood!” They may even suggest euthanasia treatment as the only cure, such as they did in good ol’ Canada and elsewhere.
“If the genes are altered with such, then the cells create that…”robust” immunity so cherished by our scientist and media talking heads!”
You got it! You can hear their high-pitched voices saying “robust, robust, robust!” It is as though they have never discovered the use of a thesaurus. When genes are altered, as in the case of bioengineering or gene editing, cells produce a heightened immune response. This “robust” immunity refers to an enhanced capacity of the immune system to recognize and attack foreign substances, including pathogens or other materials like engineered molecules (such as chitosan mixed with graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide).
In gene-altering techniques like **CRISPR** or **viral vector modifications**, cells can be programmed to produce certain proteins that prime the immune system for stronger responses. This is often a goal in vaccine development, where genetic modifications aim to trigger a more effective or longer-lasting immune response, such as in the design of the mandated inoculations.
However, this “robust” immune activation can sometimes go too far, leading to **overactivation** of the immune system. When the body is constantly producing antibodies or inflammatory molecules in response to engineered substances like chitosan, it may create **chronic inflammation**. Persistent immune responses can be problematic because they may lead to autoimmune-like conditions, where the immune system starts attacking healthy tissues or cells, increasing risks of systemic inflammation and pain.
This is why achieving a balance in immune activation is critical, but rather impossible. While a strong immune response is desirable in some cases (like fighting infections), too much of it—especially in reaction to something introduced artificially—leads to detrimental effects, such as **cytokine storms**, **autoimmune diseases**, or **allergic reactions**.
It’s like the wealthy got together with scientists and had one of their gross group pain parties where they said, “I know, how about we grind up some bugs and make them inject and eat it? That’ll make us richer and cause huge suffering!”
Maybe we should move on. It makes me furious and want to join the LORD’s army where we give them their own medicine. We can give them a real “Dose of Hope.” In fact,…let’s all just say a little prayer on their behalf in the name of YESHUA.
“Okay. Break down the Graphene oxide into its basic elements”
Graphene oxide (GO) is derived from graphite and is composed primarily of the element **carbon (C)**. However, during its synthesis, functional groups containing **oxygen (O)** are added to its structure. The basic elements that make up graphene oxide are:
1. **Carbon (C):** The backbone of graphene oxide consists of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, similar to pure graphene.
2. **Oxygen (O):** Oxygen atoms are introduced to the graphene structure in the form of various functional groups, such as:
**Hydroxyl groups (-OH)**
**Epoxide groups (C-O-C)**
**Carboxyl groups (-COOH)**
These oxygen-containing groups disrupt the perfect lattice (hexagonal pupylation) of pure graphene, making the material hydrophilic (water-dispersible) and giving it unique chemical properties.
In summary, graphene oxide is primarily composed of carbon and oxygen, with the oxygen functional groups chemically modifying the carbon lattice structure.
From almscodex.org
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